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White Rod
The White Rod, White Wand, Rod of Inauguration, or Wand of Sovereignty, in the Irish language variously called the slat na ríghe (rod of kingship) and slat tighearnais (rod of lordship), was the primary symbol of a Gaelic king or lord's legitimate authority and the principal prop used in his inauguration ceremony.〔O'Donovan, pp. 425 ff; FitzPatrick 2004, p. 58〕 First documented in the 12th century ''Life of Máedóc of Ferns'', but assumed to have been used long before then,〔FitzPatrick 2004, p. 58 and ''passim''〕 it is last documented in Ireland in the early 17th century. In Scotland the rod was used into the 13th century for the inauguration of its last Gaelic kings,〔Alexander III of Scotland was the last, for whom and which see Bannerman 1989.〕 and for the Norse-Gaelic Lords of the Isles into the 15th.〔Domhnall of Islay, Lord of the Isles is recorded being so inaugurated in the Book of Clanranald, ed. & tr. Cameron, pp. 160–1.()〕
While the reception of the rod was in origin a Gaelic cultural feature, following the Norman invasion of Ireland some foreign families became significantly Gaelicised. A notable Anglo-Norman example were the great De Burgh magnates styled Mac William Íochtar, who had become completely Gaelicised and received the White Rod.〔FitzPatrick 2004, p. 214 and ''passim''〕
==Qualities and symbolism==
The rod was required to be both white and straight, with the colour representing purity and the straightness of justice, according to the account given by Geoffrey Keating.〔Keating, p. 23〕
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